Two Way Radios - A Cheaper Alternative

The utility of two way radios may be questioned by some people. What they may think is that the traditional method of using mobile phones or telephones is equally efficient in ensuring smooth communication anywhere. Then what is the necessity of spending money on these radios? But the fact is that these methods offer paid service; each and every call you make costs you something.

In comparison to this, communicating with a two way radio is far more cost-effective. Moreover, they are easy to use. They come with a push to talk button; in order to initiate a conversation, you will just have to push this single button. Whats more, they are equally fit for indoor as well as outdoor usage. So, one can make use of them at offices, during road trips, in malls, and even at the time of hunting.

As two way radios are based on wireless technology, it is easier to carry them from here to there. Various models are available in the market. Some of them are cheap and easily affordable, even by people with limited budget. Flashy radios are also there for the well-off group. In order to make inter-departmental communication easier, a corporate office can buy quite a few cheap radios.

Thus, two way radios make life easier, by helping people out with their wireless communication needs in a cost-effective manner. Although they cover only a limited area, they are certainly a better alternative if you keep the cost part in mind. There are no monthly rentals, no per minute call charge and no roaming charges.

When you are out there in the market to buy a two way radio, make it a point that you make some comparisons. comparisons will help you buy the right product. So, after you buy it, you will get satisfactory service from it.

Dennis Jaylon is a renowned business writer who has years of experience in writing technical reviews, product descriptions and product feature analysis of technical gadgets and gizmos. He has won appreciation especially for enlightening people about the latest communication gizmos...the Two way radios

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How Do You Install Your Own Plumbing And Drainage System?

The first thing that you will need to consider when undertaking any DIY plumbing and drainage are the regulations issued by your Local Authority or State Department covering these.

If you are altering your existing drainage, or installing a new drainage system you must always inform the local Building Control Department at your local council offices. You will almost certainly need to present detailed plans of the work that you intend to undertake and it will need to be inspected as the work progresses making sure that it complies with local building regulations. If you are simply replacing damaged sections, in most circumstances they do not need to be informed. However, if in any doubt check it out. A simply phone call should suffice.

To begin with we will take a look at drainage systems.

These can be described as Foul Water systems and Surface Water systems. Foul water is anything that comes from bathrooms, kitchens, utility rooms, car washing areas etc. Waste from these sources must always go to your foul water drain system.

Surface water is basically rainwater. This can discharged into a soakaway, watercourse, surface water sewer or, particularly in older properties, into the foul water drainage system. In a combined system, the rainwater pipes are discharged into the foul water drains via gully traps which stop foul air escaping from the drains. However, modern systems are designed to keep the foul water and the surface water apart. It is extremely important to ensure that you do not connect foul water to a surface water drainage system. If you are unsure about the drainage system around your house get advice from the Building Control Department before you start any work.

Remember If in doubt check it out!

Planning

Before you begin, you will need to plan the route of the waste pipes. The main things to consider when planning the route of a waste or soil pipe are to keep the route as straight and short as you can. You must avoid making your pipe runs too steep. A soil pipe is normally laid to a fall of 1:40. This wont seem very much but it is plenty. The rule of thumb for pipe laying is a touch on the bubble. This means that the bubble on the spirit level has moved to the higher end, but part of the bubble is still contained between the level lines on the spirit level. Remember - this is only a rule of thumb guide. You can calculate the fall of a drain over a distance using a surveyors site level. If you do not have one of these available, establish a datum point and use a hosepipe filled with water to establish levels and calculate the fall from the datum this way. (If a hosepipe is filled with water, the level of the water will equal out at each end, measure to the trench floor from the end away from the datum to enable your calculations.)

Your local authority will be able to give you the recommended falls for pipework. Putting in drainage:

Preparing the trench:

When installing your drain trench, you will need to make sure that you do not impair the stability of the building. If you are laying a drain run parallel to the building, you must ensure that any foundations are not undermined.

Do not dig the trench too long before laying the pipe when installing a new drainage system. Make sure that you get the pipes laid as quickly as possible and then backfill the trench as soon as the system has been inspected and tested. The trench may need to be supported depending on the depth and soil conditions. Do not take any risks. If in doubt add support to the trench to prevent it from collapsing. Keep the trench as narrow as possible, but allow room to work in the trench - say the width of the pipe plus 150mm (6) on each side. The base of the trench should be clean and even and free from protruding stones or bricks etc. You may need to import a suitable material for the base of the trench if the existing material is unsuitable. Your local inspector will advise you.

Never use bricks and/or other hard materials to support the pipe in the trench. This will damage the pipe and must never be used as temporary or permanent support. The bedding should be properly compacted with hollows made to accommodate the joints in the pipes. You will need to provide a continuous and uniform support for the complete length of the pipe. Once the laid pipes have been inspected, granular material should be evenly backfilled and compacted to a depth of at least 100mm above the pipe. 10 mm shingle has often been used as a backfill material as, not only is it a uniform medium but is also a visual warning to anyone excavating in the area of the drains that there are drainage pipes immediately below. Above the granular backfill material, the original dug material can be used to completely backfill the trench. This should be compacted in 300mm layers. Be sure not use heavy compactors until there is at least 300mm of cover. Light vibratory tampers could be used sensibly to help with the compaction.

You will need to protect any part of the drain system that is less than 600mm below a garden. This is because of potential damage from garden activities and gardening tools. A 50mm layer of lean concrete laid 100mm above the pipe will be adequate to do this. However you could use preformed concrete slabs as an alternative.

It is important that all parts of your drainage system are designed so that all parts of the pipework are accessible to a set of drain rods. Therefore, a run of drains should be as straight as possible between two points. As a general rule, any change in direction of the pipework should be provided with an inspection chamber to allow rodding access. This will also apply to changes in gradient, all drain junctions that are inaccessible to a set of drain rods, changes in pipe diameter and at the head of each run of drain. Where a junction between two drains does not have a manhole, access should be sited on the branch drain within 12 metres of the junction.

DIY plumbing and drainage is certainly within the bounds of most DIY enthusiasts. However, you must remember that it is important to follow local building control regulations and, as always, it is hard graft!

Remember if in doubt check it out!

Whilst the author endeavors to ensure the accuracy of the information contained within this article, you are reminded that this is only a guide and you should always check with local professional before undertaking any work based herein.

After many years working in the construction industry, Phil now teaches in the UK. He has written many articles for web sites like Householders Guide and http://ukhomeonline.co.uk. His wide knowledge of the Construction Industry and Housing Markets makes him a popular author on how to install drainage.

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Finding Your Natural Weight - The Thin Side of the Story

Finding our natural weight isn't always easy. We know a fair amount about the effects of obesity but we don't have as much information about those who struggle to put on weight. Obesity increases our risk of some cancers, diabetes, depression and other health problems. The overweight generally live shorter lives. It does seem that constitutionally thin people are destined for better health and longer lives, as long as their thinness is not extreme.

Some people are thin due to non-genetic factors, such as, having eating disorders or being ill. However, it is estimated that about 70% of being thin is genetic. The search is on for the specific information related to the genetics involved. It may be that a constitutionally thin person has a metabolic system that turns food into energy very efficiently or it may be that they get full faster, eat less frequently, or don't crave fattening foods. Recent research showed the thin are often active, not just exercisers, but people who move a lot or 'can't sit still'.

A thin person is less likely to have eating disorders and thin women have a higher self-esteem than their overweight counterparts.

Thin and unhealthy

Unfortunately many who are thin consume a diet that is high in fat and sugar. While constitutionally thin people can eat a lot of junk food without adding weight, the long-term consequences can be serious. Foods that are high in fats and sugars bestow few health benefits and use the body's store of nutrients to metabolise them. This robs the body of nutrients that are needed for other metabolic processes. Added to this, a diet with too few fruits and vegetables, because the calories are coming from low nutrient dense foods, fails to supply the body with the required vitamins and minerals. With the malnourishment of a poor diet also comes a decreased immune system function and the associated problems of repeated infection, you can certainly be thin and unhealthy. As well as these factors a poor diet will also lead to an increase in the number of toxins that are accumulated in the body. These toxins are a great source of ill health and they need to be removed.

Are you too thin?

Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to indicate whether a person is overweight, underweight or a healthy weight. The score is valid for both men and women but it may overestimate body fat in people such as athletes who have a muscular build and underestimate body fat in older people and others who have lost muscle mass.

The Body Mass Index is divided into the following categories:

underweight - less than 18.5

normal weight -18.5 to 24.9

overweight - 25 to 29.9

obese - greater than 30

Someone with a BMI under 18.5 may be malnourished.

What is a healthy diet for the constitutionally thin?

Those who are thin are able to concentrate on the consumption of high quality nutrition rather than the consumption of calories. A healthy diet for everyone consists of the following:

• A minimum or no sugar and refined carbohydrates. This includes sucrose, table sugar, white, brown or other sugars, glucose, honey, and sorbitol. Many foods, such as, sweets, cakes, chocolates, biscuits, pudding, jam, ice cream, soft drinks and other sweet tasting food contain large amounts of sucrose or other refined carbohydrates. White, refined flour has a lower content of vitamins and minerals than unrefined flour and should only be consumed in small quantities.
• Animal and vegetable fats should be taken in moderation. On average most people in Western societies are advised to reduce their fat consumption to about 75% of their current levels. In particular, avoid poor quality foods that have a high fat content, such as fried foods, pies, sausages, preserved and tinned meats. Dairy foods are also high in fat content and low-fat forms should be preferred, or they should be taken sparingly (although this is not a concern for the constitutionally thin). There are serious questions about eating any dairy foods at all and people with lactose intolerance should avoid all dairy. This is probably true for everyone else too, notwithstanding its promotion by dieticians and the dairy industry.
• Ensure a good daily intake of vegetables, especially the leafy green ones. Such foods are rich in vitamins and minerals.
• Ensure a good intake of fiber. This may help with a number of minor conditions, such as, constipation, as well as having long term health benefits. High fiber foods include: beans, pulses, fruits and vegetables, as well as the cereals.
• Eat a varied and interesting diet. Eating a limited range of foods may make it difficult to obtain adequate amounts of all the nutrients required. Eating should be a pleasure and a social event - so try to take pleasure and interest in the food you are eating. A good variety also helps reduce the development of food allergies and sensitivities.
• Alcohol should be avoided. The evidence is rising that even in small amounts there are substantial adverse effects from drinking alcohol. Women who are pregnant or wanting to become pregnant should certainly not drink alcohol. Also men and women with liver disease should avoid alcohol.
• Limit your intake of salt in cooking and in foods. Excessive salt intake can cause high blood pressure for some people.
• Eat fresh food and avoid foods containing additives whenever possible. Additives, such as coloring agents, preservatives, emulsifiers, texturizers and flavorings may have short term and long term adverse effects. Fresh foods, free of these, are best consumed in their place.
• Ensure a good, but not excessive intake of protein rich foods. Lean meat, fish, eggs, chicken (without the skin), nuts, seeds, peas, beans, lentils, sprouted beans and whole grains are rich in protein and vitamins and minerals.

If you haven't been eating the diet that is outlined above then your body will have built up a heavy toxic load. These toxins will be circulating, via the blood, to all areas of the body and in the process doing damage. They need to be remove (this is the case if you are thin, the ideal weight or overweight). Find out how to safely remove toxins from your body at safecoloncleansing.com and experience the benefits of lasting vitality and health.

If you are someone who has not been consuming a healthy diet or who finds it difficult, for whatever reason, to eat as suggested above you will benefit from the addition essential vitamin and mineral supplements. If you have the symptoms of specific vitamin and mineral deficiencies then the additional supplementation of these may be of significant assistance.

References

Adapted from: Davies, S. and A. Stewart., 1997, Nutritional Medicine. Pan.

Dr Jenny Tylee is an experienced health professional who is passionate about health and wellbeing. She believes that health is not just absence of disease and seeks to actively promote vitality and wellness through empowering others. She encourages people to improve their health by quit smoking, cleansing their body, taking essential, non contaminated vitamin and mineral supplements (from healthproductssite.com) and many other methods, including herbal remedies. She also owns Healthy Living blog.

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